However, splenomegaly itself may cause early satiety by encroachment of the enlarged spleen on the stomach. Many conditions including infections, liver disease and some cancers can cause an enlarged spleen, also known as splenomegaly splehnomeguhlee. It is a reservoir for platelets and a site for the proliferation of blymphocytes. Other functions include filtering senescent and defective red blood cells, presenting antigens to the immune system, and destroying. What does it mean if you have an enlarged spleen splenomegaly. Many conditions including infections, liver disease and some cancers can cause an enlarged spleen. For example, if you have a bacterial infection, treatment will include antibiotics. A person with splenomegaly should take care to avoid all contact sports and any other activities that could potentially deliver a hard impact to their abdomen. In the past, splenomegaly was a clinical finding, but in recent years, imaging studies have also helped to assess for or confirm mild splenomegaly. Hepatosplenomegaly hpm is a disorder where both the liver and spleen swell beyond their normal size, due to one of a number of causes.
Its also commonly referred to as enlarged spleen or spleen enlargement. Hypersplenism is a common disorder characterized by an enlarged spleen which causes rapid and premature destruction of blood cells. A number of conditions, including liver disease and some cancers, can cause your spleen to become enlarged. Lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly can be found in symptomatic or asymptomatic patients. Splenomegaly general presentation the spleen is a hematopoietic organ supporting the megakaryotic, lymphoid, erythroid, myeloid, and reticuloendothelial systems. Fever, massive splenomegaly, bicytopenia anemia and leukopenia. An enlarged spleen can be caused by infections, cirrhosis and other liver diseases, blood diseases characterized by abnormal blood cells, problems with the lymph system, or other conditions.
Splenomegaly is defined by increased splenic dimensions and volume. Reduction of suppressor t lymphocytes in the tropical splenomegaly syndrome. Splenomegaly is one of the four cardinal signs of hypersplenism which include. Symptoms and causes of enlarged spleen splenomegaly.
Igm antibodies against malaria are detected in blood. Splenomegaly article about splenomegaly by the free dictionary. Infections, such as mononucleosis, are among the most common causes of splenomegaly. Mri is especially useful in detecting portal or splenic vein thromboses. A 56yearold woman from sri lanka with a medical history of minor beta thalassemia and. If you have an enlarged spleen but dont have any symptoms and the cause cant be found, your doctor may suggest watchful waiting.
Spleen should be twice the normal size to become palpable. Massive splenomegaly is variably defined, including when the spleen is 5 standard deviations above the mean normal volume about 943 cm 3 4, heavier than g 5 or 1500 g 8, longer than 18 cm 8, or extending into the pelvis or across midline 4. Splenomegaly hematology and oncology merck manuals. If confirmation of splenomegaly is necessary because the examination is equivocal, ultrasonography is the test of choice because of its accuracy and low cost.
The upper limit of normal adult splenic length is traditionally cited at 12 cm, but lengths upwards of 14 cm can be seen in normal, taller males 7 massive splenomegaly is variably defined, including when the spleen is 5 standard deviations above the mean normal volume about 943 cm 3 4, heavier than g 5 or 1500 g 8, longer than 18 cm 8. Classification of splenomegaly hackett 0 spleen not palpable 1 spleen just palpable below lcm, on deep inspiration 2 spleen palpable halfway to umblicus but not beyond it 4 spleen palpable below umblicus but not below horizontal line midway between umblicus and pubic. Enlarged spleen splenomegaly diagnosis and treatment. Splenomegaly occurs with diseases of the spleen tumors, cysts, abscesses, with general infections sepsis, malaria, typhoid fever, typhus, with blood diseases leukoses, lymphgranulomatoses, and with liver. Splenomegaly definition of splenomegaly by merriamwebster. Splenomegaly occurs in 1045% of patients, particularly during active disease. Lymph node enlargement in a single region or multiple sites can be seen in various diseases, including infections, noninfectious inflammatory conditions, or malignancies. Fullness and left upper quadrant abdominal pain are also possible. Patients with splenomegaly should avoid activities that risk trauma to the abdomen, including contact sports, because of risk of bleeding from the injured spleen. Myeloproliferative disorder proliferation of stem cells chronic myeloid leukemia polycythemia thrombocytosis 2. Splenomegaly is a feature of a broad range of diseases, and presents to clinicians in many. Its often discovered during a routine physical exam. The spleen is a hematopoietic organ supporting the megakaryotic, lymphoid, erythroid, myeloid, and reticuloendothelial systems.
Performs a general search of all aidsinfo glossary terms. Splenomegaly definition of splenomegaly by the free dictionary. In some patients, extensive radiological and laboratory investigations. Spleen diameters averaged over cm and an area above 45 cm2 or weight above 400 g are considered splenomegaly. Splenomegaly causes of splenomegaly portal hypertension 33% chronic liver disease portalsplenic venous obstruction. Splenomegaly definition, enlargement of the spleen. There are several potential causes of splenomegaly. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 932k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Causes of massive splenomegaly beyond umbilicus in very large spleen lower splenic pole may extend into pelvis and cross abdominal midline. Splenomegaly definition and meaning collins english dictionary. Recurrent infections, symptoms of anemia, or bleeding manifestations suggest cytopenia and possible hypersplenism. Splenomegaly differential diagnoses medscape reference.
Splenomegaly definition of splenomegaly by medical dictionary. Treatment for an enlarged spleen focuses on the underlying problem. Splenomegaly article about splenomegaly by the free. This study suggests that hematological and hemostatic abnormalities are associated with splenomegaly, hypersplenism and portal hypertension. Classification of splenomegaly hackett 0 spleen not palpable 1 spleen just palpable below lcm, on deep inspiration 2 spleen palpable halfway to umblicus but not beyond it 4 spleen palpable below umblicus but not below horizontal line midway between umblicus and pubic symphysis 5. Splenomegaly in 2,505 patients at a large university medical center from 19 to 1995. A number of diseases and conditions can cause an enlarged spleen. Aug 30, 2019 treatment for an enlarged spleen focuses on the underlying problem. Splenomegaly is abnormal enlargement of the spleen. The causes of splenomegaly are protean, and can be.
We conclude that splenectomy is beneficial for some highly selected patients with the clinical diagnosis of tropical splenomegaly syndrome. Sep 11, 2019 the incidence of massive splenomegaly is estimated to be 12% in rural nigeria, and hms accounts for 1145% of massive splenomegaly cases in africa. Splenomegaly definition of splenomegaly by medical. Splenomegaly postarrival postarrival management test for g6pd, treat with primaquine x 2 weeks repeat ultrasound and monitoring of splenomegaly and any associated abnormalities e.
Why does my patient have lymphadenopathy or splenomegaly. Splenomegaly definition classification etiology symptom diagnosis references 2. Splenomegaly may arise as a symptom of a number of diseases, including certain systemic infections, inflammatory diseases, hematologic diseases, inherited spleen disorders, cysts, and neoplastic diseases. Splenomegaly increases the spleens mechanical filtering and destruction of red blood cells rbcs and often of white blood cells wbcs and platelets. Splenomegaly is a sign of an underlying condition, such as severe liver disease, leukemia, or mononucleosis. The name of this condition hepatosplenomegaly comes. Splenomegaly in medicine, the enlargement of the spleen. Tropical splenomegaly massive splenomegaly occurring in people of endemic area for malariakalaazar but no parasite is demonstrable in blood.
Massive splenomegaly indicating sarcoidosis american journal of. Jan 09, 2018 splenomegaly is defined as enlargement of the spleen, measured by size or weight. Splenomegaly definition and meaning collins english. Splenomegaly definition is abnormal enlargement of the spleen. Pdf hematological evaluation of splenomegaly researchgate. Feb 24, 2015 the spleen is involved in producing protective humoral antibodies, the production and maturation of b and t cells and plasma cells, removal of unwanted particulate matter eg, bacteria and it also acts as a reservoir for blood cells, especially white cells and platelets. Splenomegaly definition of splenomegaly by the free. When the spleen is palpable it has usually reached at least twice its. Splenomegaly is almost always secondary to other disorders. Splenomegaly, enlargement of the spleen, the abdominal organ that serves as a temporary storage site for blood and filters out degenerated and old blood cells. The spleen is a functionally diverse organ with active roles in immunosurveillance and hematopoiesis. Splenomegaly symptoms, diagnosis, treatments and causes. Pdf purpose our aim was to assess the validity of the icd10 code for splenomegaly in the danish national registry of patients dnrp. Cause of splenomegaly is obscurelymphocytic infiltration of splenic liver sinosoids present.
Enter a search term to find glossary word s containing that term. This means that splenomegaly, or a subtype of splenomegaly, affects less than 200,000 people in the us population. Pdf splenomegaly diagnostic validity, workup, and underlying. Feb 27, 2019 please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report. Parenchymal liver disease causes increased vascular. Hypersplenism is a secondary process that can arise from splenomegaly of almost any cause see table common causes of splenomegaly. Pdf splenomegaly and left sided portal hypertension. Aug 30, 2019 the spleen is a small organ normally about the size of your fist. May 11, 2020 performs a general search of all aidsinfo glossary terms.
Splenomegaly is a condition that occurs when your spleen becomes enlarged. Disturbances of splenic blood circulation thromboses, suppression of hematopoiesis hypersplenism, and other complications may also occur. Your spleen is an organ located just below your left rib cage. It is one of the four cardinal signs of hypersplenism, some reduction in the number of circulating blood cells affecting granulocytes, erythrocytes or platelets in any combination. Enlarged spleen splenomegaly symptoms and causes mayo. An overzealous palpation of the abdomen or a sudden blow can split the outer capsule of the spleen and cause bleeding into the abdominal cavity. Hyperreactive malarious splenomegaly tropical splenomegaly syndrome. Full text full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Relationship between splenomegaly and hematologic findings in. Splenomegaly and hypersplenism information page patient. Causes of splenomegaly are myriad, as are the many possible ways of classifying them see table common causes of splenomegaly. Ct and mri may provide more detail of the organs consistency. The spleen usually lies in the left upper quadrant luq of the human abdomen.
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